Combustion chamber for diesel engines



Sept. 17, 1935. Q I w R 2,014,828

COMB USTION CHAMQER FOR DIESEL ENGINES Filed Aug. 30, 1934 INVENTOR:

GalMied ifz'lrer,

HIS ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 17, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR DIESEL ENGINES Application August 30, 1934, Serial No. 742,061

2 Claims.

Great attention has been devoted to the combustion chambers for engines of the Diesel and like types because it has been appreciated that the performance is influenced to a substantial 5 extent by this unit. Chambers of different sizes and shapes have been formed and mounted in different relationships to the cylinder and head. The eflicacy is determined, in the last analysis, by the perfomance. It is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved combustion chamber which shall give greater turbulence during the mixing period and thereby assure a more complete mixing of the air and fuel throughout the entire cross section of the chamber than has heretofore been possible.

A further and important object is to provide in association with the combustion chamber means for preventing the entry of liquid fuel directly into the cylinder. This provision is of particular importance during the time of starting the engine when the parts' are cold and condensation a maximum. Still another object of the invention is to provide a combustion chamber of simple construction which can be mounted within a pocket provided therefore in a water cooled engine head, the chamber being accessible and removable, if desired. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved combustion chamber in the indicated relationship to the engine head but which shall itself be spaced to a desired degree from the water jacketed walls of the pocket in the engine head so as to permit a high temperature to be maintained. These and other objects will appear more clearly hereinafter in connection with the detailed description of the embodiment shown by way of illustration in the drawing, and in which:

Figure 1 is a viewin vertical'section showing a fragment of an engine block, piston, and head,

40 with the improved chamber in a desirable relationship thereto.

Figure 2- is a view in horizontal section through the chamber shown in Figure 1 and taken on the plane indicated by the line 2-2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

The wall of an engine cylinder is indicated at a, one of the pistons reciprocable therein at b and a jacketed engine head at c. The engine head 0 has formed therein a pocket of any desired cross sectional form and size, that shown at a being generally of rectangular form. Within this pocket is received -the improved combustion chamber indicated generally at d, the external shape and dimensions of which preferably conform generally to the pocket 0'. The combustion chamber while essentially unitary for all purposes may be formed of two complementary sections at, d screws e or other suitable fastening means being provided to cooperate with one or both of the sections and with the cylinder head to hold 5 the parts in fixed relation. The walls of the combustion chamber are preferably spaced to a desired extent from the walls of the engine head constituting the pocket 0', as indicated at d The extent to which the combustion chamber unit 10 is thus insulated from the jacketed engine head may be predetermined, of course, the general purpose being to enable the chamber to function 0 at the highest practicable temperatures.

The principal object of the present invention is 15' to provide a highly improved combustion space. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 this space has been formed generally circular and is defined by spaced fiat interior side walls d. The width of the chamber, as illustrated, issubstantially less 20 than the diameter of its circular portion. The v peripheral wall of the circular portion is preferably concave in contour as indicated at 11 although this is not an essential characteristic. The improved combustion space communicates with the cylinder through a tangential opening at extending generally downwardly and inwardly towards the axis of the cylinder. The width of the duct (1 as thus formed within the walls of the combustion chamber is substantially equal 39 to the width of the combustion space as appears clearly in Figure 2. The relationship described insures that the air forced from the cylinder through the channel (i on the up-stroke of the piston b will enter the circular combustion space substantially tangential thereto. The stream will be constrained, of course, to follow the circular path defined by the peripheral wall of the combustion space, the fiat end walls 11', of course, confining the charge axially of the chamber. By 40 forming the duct d substantially the width of the chamber the likelihood of eddies is removed. However, under some conditions it is possible that the mixture near the axis of the combustion space may tend to stratify. To counteract any such tendency a lip d has been formed in the wall of the chamber adjacent to the duct d". The lip d itself is eccentric to the chamber and constitutes a baflle directing the whirling stream inwardly towards the axis of the chamber. The bafile d 50 taken with the peripheral wall of the chamber at its lowest point will also form a pocket as indicated at d in which condensed liquid particles will rest until gasified and be prevented from entering the cylinder. It is especially important 55 during the starting period thus to prevent the direct entry of liquid fuel into the cylinder.

An ejector is indicated conventionally at f and a glow plug to assist starting, at a.

While obvious changes within the rangeof mechanical skill may be made without depart-. ing from the spirit of the invention, it has been made clear that the essential characteristics of the improvement reside in matters of form and relationship.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a Diesel engine or the like a combustion chamber having a circular combustion space therein with flat side walls and a passage leading from the combustion space to the cylinder and tangentially disposed with respect to the circular wall of the combustion space, a pocket a passage located tangentially with relation to 10 the peripheral wall of the combustion space, and an eccentric bafile projecting inwardly from the peripheral wall and spaced on the peripheral wall from the passage entrance to direct the whirling stream of gases toward the axis of the combus- 16 tion space.

GO'ITFRIED WIRRER. 

